Advanced Biological Science Reviewer
1. A scientist exposes bacteria to an antibiotic to study resistance. Over time, some bacteria survive and multiply. Which biological process is most responsible for this change?
A) Genetic drift
B) Horizontal gene transfer
C) Natural selection
D) Mutation suppression
2. A person has been training at high altitude for several weeks. What primary biological adaptation would most likely occur in their body?
A) Decrease in hemoglobin concentration
B) Increase in white blood cell count
C) Increase in red blood cell production
D) Decrease in lung capacity
3. A patient is diagnosed with an autoimmune disease in which their immune system attacks the body’s own cells. What is primarily malfunctioning in this scenario?
A) Lymphocytes
B) Endocrine hormones
C) Erythrocytes
D) Platelets
4. During a race, an athlete starts to feel cramps. This is likely due to a buildup of which of the following in their muscles?
A) Glucose
B) Lactic acid
C) Oxygen
D) ATP
5. A population of insects is exposed to a pesticide. After a few generations, the population exhibits resistance to the pesticide. Which mechanism is most likely responsible for this?
A) Genetic mutation and natural selection
B) Random mating
C) Gene flow from nearby populations
D) Increased rates of photosynthesis
6. A person has been fasting for 24 hours. Which metabolic pathway is primarily providing energy?
A) Glycolysis
B) Lipid catabolism
C) Protein synthesis
D) Glycogen synthesis
7. A farmer notices that a crop is not growing as expected due to nutrient deficiency in the soil. Which nutrient deficiency would most likely affect the plant's chlorophyll production and thus photosynthesis?
A) Phosphorus
B) Magnesium
C) Potassium
D) Calcium
8. After a person receives a vaccine, their immune system produces antibodies. Which cells are primarily responsible for this response?
A) Macrophages
B) T-cells
C) B-cells
D) Neutrophils
9. An athlete takes in a high-protein meal after intense exercise. Which process will be stimulated to help repair and build muscle?
A) Glycolysis
B) Lipogenesis
C) Protein synthesis
D) Photosynthesis
10. A patient’s blood test shows high levels of urea. This indicates that the body is breaking down:
A) Lipids
B) Proteins
C) Carbohydrates
D) Nucleic acids
11. In a genetics lab, a researcher crosses two heterozygous (Aa) individuals. What percentage of their offspring are expected to show the dominant phenotype?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
12. A hiker is stranded on a cold mountain overnight. To stay warm, which physiological process will be most beneficial?
A) Sweating
B) Shivering
C) Glycogen synthesis
D) Dehydration
13. A botanist applies a hormone to a plant to stimulate cell division and growth. Which hormone is most likely being applied?
A) Auxin
B) Cytokinin
C) Gibberellin
D) Abscisic acid
14. A doctor observes that a patient has difficulty clotting blood after an injury. Which component of blood is most likely insufficient?
A) Plasma
B) Red blood cells
C) White blood cells
D) Platelets
15. A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely effect on the cell?
A) It will swell
B) It will burst
C) It will shrink
D) No effect
16. A person moves from a high-protein diet to a high-carbohydrate diet. Which hormone is likely to increase after meals to regulate blood glucose?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Epinephrine
D) Cortisol
17. A group of animals evolves to have a camouflage that mimics the environment. This adaptation is an example of:
A) Mimicry
B) Genetic drift
C) Sexual selection
D) Adaptive radiation
18. During an intense workout, a person's body uses glycogen stores. Which organ stores glycogen and releases glucose into the bloodstream when needed?
A) Heart
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Stomach
19. A person consumes an excess of Vitamin C. Since it’s a water-soluble vitamin, how is the excess likely to be removed from the body?
A) Stored in the liver
B) Excreted in urine
C) Stored in fat cells
D) Exhaled as carbon dioxide
20. A cell replicates its DNA in preparation for division. Which phase of the cell cycle is this?
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
21. An individual with Type 1 diabetes lacks insulin. Which organ is not functioning properly to produce this hormone?
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Kidneys
D) Small intestine
22. In a population of birds, some individuals have longer beaks that allow them to access food in narrow spaces. Over time, these individuals have higher reproductive success. What is this an example of?
A) Genetic drift
B) Gene flow
C) Natural selection
D) Artificial selection
23. A patient has a genetic disorder that causes their body to produce abnormal hemoglobin. Which disease might this patient have?
A) Hemophilia
B) Sickle cell anemia
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Osteoporosis
24. During photosynthesis, plants convert light energy into chemical energy. In which organelle does this process primarily occur?
A) Mitochondria
B) Nucleus
C) Chloroplast
D) Ribosome
25. A scientist observes that when two species of fish are in the same pond, one species always outcompetes the other. What ecological principle does this represent?
A) Competitive exclusion
B) Mutualism
C) Parasitism
D) Commensalism
26. A doctor notices that a patient's blood pH is too acidic. Which organ system primarily helps to regulate blood pH?
A) Digestive system
B) Respiratory system
C) Nervous system
D) Integumentary system
27. A person is exposed to a virus for the first time. What type of immune response will their body initiate?
A) Primary immune response
B) Secondary immune response
C) Tertiary immune response
D) No immune response
28. A botanist cuts a piece of stem and places it in water. Roots begin to grow from the stem. This process is known as:
A) Cloning
B) Germination
C) Vegetative propagation
D) Sporulation
29. After a cell undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes does each daughter cell have if the parent cell had 46 chromosomes?
A) 92
B) 46
C) 23
D) 22
30. A marine biologist observes that a certain type of algae blooms excessively when there is an increase in nitrogen in the water. This phenomenon is best described as:
A) Mutualism
B) Eutrophication
C) Ecological succession
D) Ocean acidification
Post a Comment